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The experiment, which involved displays of dots, suggested that there are really two processes - what is called "subitizing", for instant recognition, and counting - solving an issue that has raged among scientists for half a century.

"For one to three dots, but not for four to 10 dots, female subjects were slightly, but significantly faster than male subjects," said Prof Butterworth. "They are the same as males on the counting range.

"Because our results suggest that there are sex-linked differences in subitizing abilities (females are slightly better), the human genome may code for building a specific neural mechanism for subitizing."

Academic survey gives women nod as better bosses by Bonnie Miller Rubin

Chicago Tribune

Aug 17, 2003

CHICAGO - While the debate over "who makes the better boss," men or women, has simmered for some time, both in scientific journals as well in intraoffice e-mails, the latest entry from academia gives women the higher marks, according to Alice Eagly, a professor of psychology at Northwestern University, and two colleagues.

The researchers scrutinized 45 other studies conducted between 1985 and 2002 that zeroed in on whether the sexes manage differently and, if so, who gets better results.

The verdict? Females are more likely to serve as role models, mentor subordinates and encourage creativity than their male counterparts, according to the study, published in the current Psychological Bulletin.